IRREGULAR VERBS

Business Communication Skills || Cross-Cultural Competence || English Proficiency
High-Effect with Low-Stress

IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT	PAST	PAST PARTICIPLE

arise	arose	arisen
awake	awoke	awoken
be: ( I ) am ( we, you, they ) are ( he, she, it ) is	be: ( I ) was ( we, you, they ) were ( he, she, it ) was	be: ( I ) have been ( we, you, they ) have been ( he, she, it ) has been
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet	bet	bet
bid	bid	bid
bind	bound	bound
bite	bit	bitten
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
fit	fit	fit
flee	fled	fled
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade	forbidden
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	gotten see Note 1
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grind	ground	ground
grow	grew	grown
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept
know	knew	known
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie see Note 2	lay	lain
light	lit	lit
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
mistake	mistook	mistaken
pay	paid	paid
put	put	put
quit	quit	quit
read	read	read
rid	rid	rid
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
shake	shook	shaken
shine see Note 3	shone	shone
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown
shrink	shrank	shrunk
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang	sung
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
speak	spoke	spoken
speed	sped	sped
spend	spent	spent
split	split	split
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
strike	struck	struck
string	strung	strung
swear	swore	sworn
sweep	swept	swept
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
understand	understood	understood
undertake	undertook	undertaken
wake	woke / waked	woken / waked
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove	woven
weep	wept	wept
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn
wring	wrung	wrung
write	wrote	written

Note 1: In American English, have gotten is the present perfect of get (meaning to receive).

Last week I got two letters.                   (past tense)

This week I have gotten two letters.    (present perfect tense)

However, in both American and British English, have got means the same as have.

I have got $50 in my pocket right now. = I have $50 in my pocket right now.

Note 2: When lie means to be in a horizontal position, it is irregular.
(lie - lay - lain)

I lie on the couch after dinner each evening.

I lay on the couch when I came home yesterday.

I have lain here on this couch for 15 minutes now.

When lie means to speak an untruth, it is regular.
(lie - lied - lied)

He lies if he thinks he is in trouble.

He lied yesterday.

He has lied more than once.

Note 3: Without an object, shine means to give off light or to reflect light. It is irregular.
(shine - shone - shone)

The sun shines nearly every day in Los Angeles.

The sun shone yesterday.

The sun has shone every day this week.

With an object, shine means to polish a surface. It is regular.
(shine - shined - shined)

I shine my shoes regularly.

I shined my shoes yesterday.

I have shined my shoes twice this week.